There are often dietary factors underlying these diseases, resulting in overweight and obesity. Supplementation with chromium compounds can be an effective element of prevention and supportive therapy of diabetes and other illnesses, e.g. A deficiency of this metal in the body results in reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin, disturbances in glucose tolerance, growth inhibition, and a deterioration in blood lipid parameters ( 7). In addition, CrIII takes part in protein biosynthesis and transformations of nucleic acids ( 5, 6). Furthermore, it increases the number of insulin receptors and insulin receptor activity through phosphorylation ( 3, 4). Together with niacin, glutamic acid, glycine and cysteine, trivalent chromium is a component of glucose tolerance factor, which is responsible for insulin binding to the receptor, thereby enabling proper utilization of glucose by tissues ( 2). Taking account these data the use of chromium as dietary supplement should be reconsidered.Ĭhromium(III) is a microelement with a well-documented beneficial effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, mainly through improvement of insulin signaling ( 1). The effects of the use of chromium nanoparticles include reductions in the WBC count and in the thrombocyte count (leuko- and thrombopenia). Moreover, chromium picolinate and chromium nanoparticles were shown to increase the content of caspase 3 and 8 in the blood of rats, which indicates a pro-apoptotic effect. Given the increase in inflammatory mediators induced by chromium, it should not be used to mitigate the effects of a high-fat diet. The chromium compounds tested, particularly Cr-Met and Cr-NPs, stimulated the immune system of the rats, as indicated by increased concentrations of IgA, IgE, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and Cp. The diet had no effect on the blood count, except for an increase in the number of neutrophils. Feeding rats a high-fat diet increased blood markers of induction of inflammation, ie pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and also significantly increased IgE. Selected hematological parameters were determined in the blood of the rats, including total white blood cell (WBC) count, leukogram, red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin level (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), platelet count (PLT) and platelet percentage (PCT), as well as immune parameters: levels of immunoglobulins A and E (IgA and IgE), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) activity of ceruloplasmin (Cp) and levels of caspase 3 and 8 (Casp3 and Casp8). The rats received a standard diet or a high-fat diet supplemented with chromium at 0.3 mg/kg body weight (BW) in the form of chromium(III) picolinate, chromium(III)-methionine or nano-sized chromium. The aim of the study was to determine how a high-fat diet supplemented with various forms of chromium affects hematological and immune parameters of the blood of rats. 3Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
Wojciech Dworzański 1, Iwona Sembratowicz 2, Ewelina Cholewińska 2*, Krzysztof Tutaj 2, Bartosz Fotschki 3, Jerzy Juśkiewicz 3 and Katarzyna Ognik 2
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